PFAS Health Risks: Symptoms to look for

PFAS exposure in Australia poses serious health risks including immune disruption, hormonal imbalance, and increased cancer risk. Athletes and health-conscious consumers can reduce exposure by switching to PFAS-free cookware, clothing, and cosmetics.

Per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemicals used to make products resistant to water, oil, and heat. Known as “forever chemicals” due to their persistence in the environment and human body, PFAS are increasingly linked to adverse health outcomes. In Australia, PFAS contamination has been detected in higher levels near defence sites, airports, and industrial zones, raising concern for communities and health-focused individuals.

PFAS Exposure and Health Risks

PFAS accumulate in the body over time and contribute to a range of health effects. For athletes and active individuals, these risks are particularly concerning due to the potential impact on immune function, hormone regulation, and cardiovascular health.

  • Immune system suppression: PFAS exposure may reduce antibody response to vaccines and impair immune resilience (Bline et al., 2024).
  • Hormonal disruption: Thyroid function and reproductive hormones, reducing energy levels, metabolism, and fertility (Teymourian et al., 2021). Evidence points towards delayed menstruation in girls, and earlier menopause.
  • Neurotoxicity: Cognitive and behavioural changes, potentially affecting focus and recovery (Nannaware et al., 2024).
  • Cardiovascular effects: High cholesterol, blood pressure, and risk of heart disease (Wen et al., 2023).
  • Cancer risk:  Kidney and testicular cancers (Teymourian et al., 2021).
  • Kidney issues: Higher levels of uric acid and reduced kidney function

Common Sources of PFAS in Daily Life

  • Non-stick cookware such as Teflon pans
  • Waterproof and sweat-resistant activewear and outdoor gear
  • Stain-resistant carpets and upholstery
  • Cosmetics including foundation, mascara, and lipstick
  • Food packaging like grease-resistant wrappers e.g protein bar wrappers
  • Cleaning products and firefighting foams
  • Contaminated water from groundwater, bore water and seafood produced in contaminated water

Safer Alternatives to PFAS-Containing Products

Here are practical recommendations for switching to PFAS-free alternatives:

  • Cookware: Choose stainless steel, cast iron, or ceramic-coated pans instead of non-stick varieties.
  • Athletic wear: Opt for natural fibers like organic cotton, bamboo, or PFAS-free synthetics. Brands now label PFAS-free gear.
  • Cosmetics: Use clean beauty products certified PFAS-free. Check ingredient lists for fluorinated compounds.
  • Food packaging: Store food in glass or stainless steel containers. Avoid microwave popcorn bags and fast food wrappers.
  • Cleaning products: Use eco-certified cleaners without fluorinated surfactants.

At present the Australian Government does not support testing of PFAS exposure through medicare. PFAS pose a significant health risk, especially for athletes and wellness-focused individuals. By understanding exposure sources and making informed swaps, you can reduce your PFAS burden and protect long-term health.  

Get in touch to discuss your current levels of PFAS and other toxin exposure. 

Bline, A. P., DeWitt, J. C., Kwiatkowski, C. F., Pelch, K. E., Reade, A., & Varshavsky, J. R. (2024). Public health risks of PFAS-related immunotoxicity are real. Current Environmental Health Reports, 11, 118–127.

Liu, Z., Liao, M., Wang, L., & Zhuang, S. (2024). Recent advancements in PFAS adsorptive removal using MOFs and COFs. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, 24, 63–95.

Nannaware, M., Mayilswamy, N., & Kandasubramanian, B. (2024). PFAS: exploration of neurotoxicity and environmental impact. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 31, 12815–12831.

Teymourian, T., Teymoorian, T., Kowsari, E., & Ramakrishna, S. (2021). A review of emerging PFAS contaminants: sources, fate, health risks, and sorbents for PFAS treatment. Research on Chemical Intermediates, 47, 4879–4914.

Wen, Z. J., Wei, Y. J., Zhang, Y. F., & Zhang, Y. F. (2023). A review of cardiovascular effects and mechanisms of legacy and emerging PFAS. Archives of Toxicology, 97, 1195–1245.

Photo of Kate Smyth running across the line as she finishes the Nagano marathon in 2008.

About the Author

Kate Smyth is a sports naturopath, nutritionist and female-centric running coach. She is the founder of the Athlete Sanctuary - a holistic healthcare clinic for athletes of all levels and sporting codes.

Kate has a thirst for knowledge, with two bachelor's and a master’s degree under her belt. She has been involved in sports for many decades and competed for Australia in the Commonwealth Games and Olympic Games marathons with a personal best time of 2 hours 28 minutes.

About Kate Smyth

Kate certainly knows what it’s like to face challenges when pursuing a dream.

Kate faced many challenges and obstacles during her eight year journey from fun runner to Commonwealth and Olympic marathoner (2006, Commonwealth Games and 2008 Beijing Olympics). She obtained her personal best time of 2:28 for the marathon in Nagano, Japan at 35 years of age.

Kate believes there isn’t just one way to better health and performance. Her mission is to educate female athletes on how to make the most out of being a female athlete through a holistic and balanced approach. 

On the back of her deep desire to help other athletes overcome many of the same health issues she now dedicates her time to improving female athletic performance and health.

Kate has completed three university degrees including a Masters and a Bachelor of Health Science (Naturopathic medicine). She has also undertaken additional training in thyroid health, sports nutrition, digestive health and female athlete hormones…. just in case you are wondering.

She coaches, mentors and facilitates training camps for aspiring runners including some of Australia’s best distance athletes.

Kate is also a celebrant supporting families through holding meaningful ceremonies for loved ones. She has a special interest in baby/ infant naming days and memorial services for infants, babies, stillborn babies and loss through miscarriages.

As an athlete, coach and business owner she understands what it can be like to juggle many priorities. She is described by her patients as compassionate, warm, grounded, realistic, practical, and knowledgeable.

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